Australiya
Ostaraliya (Australie) ni igihugu co mu gice c'ubumanuko gifata igice kinini c'umugabane wa Oseyanie (Océanie). Uretse kuba ari ibahari, Australie irafise ibahari ya Tasmanie ndetse n'izindi bahari ziyegukira hamwe n'inyanja nka Austral, Pacifique na Indien. Ico gihugu kirafise ibirometero kwadarato 6 000 000 ku gice ca Antarctique. Ibihugu bihana urubibe na ostorariya twovuga nka Indoneziya, le Timor yo mu buseruko, papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée mu Buraruko, amazinga ya Salomon, Vanuatu, Nouvelle Calédonie, Nouvelle Zélande n'ama zinga ya Kerguelen.
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Igihugu ca Australiya hinyanyura inyandiko
Mu myaka yakurikiye, izo koloni uko zari zitandukanye zaciye ziharira ingene zoba igihugu kimwe. Mu 1901, amakoloni yose yaciye yiyunga agira igihugu kimwe bise Commonwealth of Australia. Muri ico gihe, abantu ba Australiya bangana imiliyoni 4. Iki gitigiri ntiharimwo Benagataka.
Intara n’ibice vyisunga intara vya Australiya hinyanyura inyandiko
Ico bita Commonwealth ni intara n’ibice vy’intara vyiyunze. Hari intara zitandatu n’ibice vy’intara bikuru bibiri. Canberra ni umurwa mukuru w’igihugu, intara yose n’igice gikukira intara ifise umurwa mukuru wayo.
| Intara | Umurwa mukuru |
| New South Wales (NSW) | Sydney |
| Victoria (Vic.) | Melbourne |
| Queensland (Qld) | Brisbane |
| Western Australia (WA) | Perth |
| South Australia (SA) | Adelaide |
| Tasmania (Tas.) | Hobart |
| Ibice vyisunga intara | Umurwa mukuru |
| Australian Capital Territory (ACT) | Canberra |
| Northern Territory (NT) | Darwin |
| Canberra niwo kandi murwa mukuru wa Australiya |
Umusi witiriwe Anzac hinyanyura inyandiko
Umusi wa Anzac uhimbazwa igenekerezo rya 25 ry’ukwezi kwa Ndamukiza buri mwaka. Uwo musi wa Anzac wahawe iryo zina inyuma yaho intwaramiheto za Australiya na New Zealand zashika Gallipoli muri Turukiya mugihe c’intambara y’isi yose yambere kw’igenekerezo rya 25 z’ukwezi kwa Ndamukiza 1915.
Umusi wahariwe Anzac n’umusi twibuka ukwitanga kwa Abanya australiya bakoreye igihugu n’abandi baguye k’urugamba, tukibuka n’ingwano zabaye hamwe n’ibikorwa vyo kubungabunga amahoro. Dushimagiza kandi ukwitanga n’ubukerebutsi bw’abashingantahe n’abapfasoni ba Australiya.