Uburundi: Ubutandukane hagati y'isubirwamwo

'''IrepuburikaRepuburika y’Uburundi (UrundiUburundi)''' ni igihugu kiri mumuri [[Bufirika|Afirika]] bw’ubuserukoy’ubuseruko. BukikujweGikikujwe n'[[Urwanda]] mu buraruko; [[Tanzania|Tanzaniya]] mu buseruko hamwe n'Irepuburikana Repuburika iharanira idemokarasiintwaro rusangi ya Kongo [[RDC]] mu burengero. Ikiyaga [[Tanganyika]] kiri mu burengero bw’[[Uburundi]] kiri hafi y’umurwa mukuru w'ubutunzi [[Bujumbura]] kikaba ari ica kabiri kw’isi gifise munsi kure cane.

* ''Izina ry’Igihugu'': IrepuburikaRepuburika y’Uburundi

* ''Umurwa mukuru w'intwaro (Poritike)'': [[Bujumbura|Gitega]]

* ''Abanyagihugu'': 12.100.000 (2019) mur’iyimuri iyi myaka mirongo itatu iheze igitigiri c’abantu caraduze incuro kabiri

* ''Ukurundana'': Abantu 435 ku kirometero kwadarato: Uburundi buri mu bihugu bifise abantu benshi mumuri BufirikaAfirika

* ''Ukwikukira'': Ku wa mbere Mukakaro 1962 (01/07/1962)

Abashakashatsi bavuga yukoko Uburundi bwamyeho kabwa gihugu cikwiye kuva mu kinjana ca 16. Mu mwaka w'1903 ni ho catakaza intahe y’ukwikukira igihe hashikiye abadagi; umwami w’ico gihe [[Mwezi Gisabo]] akaba yasinyanye nanabo boAmasezerano Umwumvikano w’iy’i Kiganda. Haheze indwanoingwano y’isi yose ya mbere caciye gicurwa bufuni na buhoro n'igihugu c’Ububirigi. Uburundi bwarafatanijwe n’igihugu c'[[Urwanda]]: [[Rwanda-Urundi]]. Ku wa 1 Mukakaro 1962 niho casubira kuronka intahe yaco y´ukwikukira irondewe n´umuganwa [[Rudoviko Rwagasore|Rwagasore Rudoviko]] umuhungu w'umwami Mwambutsa Bangiricenge akaba n'umukuru w’umugambwe w'abadasigana [[UPRONA]]. Uburundi cari igihugu cifashe kandi cagutse. Mu nyuma ku ntwaro y'Ababirigi gitakaza Ubugufi, imwe mu ntara yari nini, ica yegukira Tanzaniya.

Akahise k’Uburundi karanzwe n’igihe c’ubwami bwa kera bwabayeho imbere y’ubukoroni, n’imbibe zitahindutse. Uburundi bwashinze imizi kuva mu kinjana ca 16 canke ca 17 mu karere karimwo abantu kuva mu kimpumbi ca mbere imbere y’umuzo wa Yezu Kirisu. Bwari Ubwami bushingiye ku migenzo n’amategeko kama y’Imana, umwe wese akamenya ico ajejwe ariko kandi ata migenderanire ishemeye n’amakungu iriho. Ico gihugu rero kitagira imihora co muri Afirika y’Ubuseruko, gitumbereye mu karere k’ibiyaga binini kikaba kigizwe n’[[abahutu]] (bangana n’ibice 85%), [[abatutsi]] (bangana n’ibice 14%) n’[[abatwa]] (bangana n’igice 1%) kikaba kirangwa n’imico imwe n’ururimi rumwe . Indimi zizwi kandi zikoreshwa mu kazi ni Ikirundiikirundi, igifaransa; igiswahili gikoreshwa canecane mu buzima b'urudandazwa.

Kuva Uburundi buronse ukwikukira, bwagize ingorane nyinshi zijanye n’ivyimibano nn’ivy'iporitikeimibano na poritike zagumye zigaruka ari zo zatumye haba indwano, haba abahungiye mu mahanga abandi bakegeranirizwa hagati mu gihugu, harasamburwa inyubakwa z’iterambererusangi n’ubutunzi. IndwanoIngwano yabaye mu Burundi mu 1993, ni yoniyo yabaye ndende cane kandi ni na yonayo yagize inkurikizi mbi cane ku vyerekeye iporitikeporitike. Kukaba nkako, uretse ihagarikwa ry’umuzo w'idemokarasi,intwaro rusangi n’itituka ry’ivyerekana iterambere mu vyerekeye ubutunzi ico kiza nyene c’intambara cateye, caranatumye haba itituka ry’ubutegetsi n’akaranga mu bice vyinshi vy’igihugu.

Kimwe mu bituma indyane zidahera, ni igwirirana ry’abantu mu matongo yaze n’inkurikizi zaryo ku butunzi busanzwe bushimikiye canecane ku burimyik'uburimyi. Abenegihugu bangana n'imiriyoni umunani ugereranije bagwirirana ku rugero rugwijije na kabiri uko imyaka mirongo itatu iheze, bakagwira kurugero rungana n’ibice bitatu kw'ijana (3%) ku mwaka. Tugereranije, dusanga hafi ica kabiri c’abarundi bafise munsi y’imyaka 15, ibice bingana mirongo icenda kw'ijana (90%) babeshwaho n’uburimyi. Abangana n’ibice mirondo indwi (70%) na bo,nabo usanga baronka agahembo kari munsi y’idorari rimwe ry’Abanyamerika ku musi.

Inyuma y’ihagarikwa ry'idemokarasiintwaro rusangi mu 1993, ibihugu bigize kano karere ([[Ubuganda]], Tanzaniya, UbufirikaAfirika bw’epfo), bishigikiwe n’amakungu , vyarafashe ingingo yo kugarukana amahoro mu gihugu , ibiganiro vyatumye haba ishirwa ry’igikumu i Arusha ku masezerano y’amahoro n’umwumvikano mu UburundiBurundi. Amasezerano y’i Arusha ashimikiye ku mwumvikano n’ubumwe mu gihugu, agategekanya n’ingene abadasangiye ubwoko boserukirwa ata mahinyu. Ishirwa mu ngiro ry’Amasezerano ryabaye intango y’intwaro y’infatakibanza, mu ntambwe yashitseko iyihambaye ikaba yabaye ishikirizwa muri Gitugutu umwaka w'wa 2001, ry’ibwirizwa shingiro rizogengarigenga itunganywa ry’inzego mu kiringo c’amezi 36.

Muri Ruhuhuma umwaka w'wa 2005, Abarundi barahamagariwe kwemeza irindi bwirizwa shingiro biciye mu matora. Iryo bwirizwa shingiro risubirira iryamaze amezi 36, rirasigura neza ko Uburundi ari irepuburika yigenga, ifise n'idemokarasiintwaro rusangi kandi itisunga idini na rimwe , " yubahiriza ubudasa bw’amoko n’amadini ". Iryo bwirizwa shingiro rirubahiriza urugero amoko aserukirwa mu vy'iporitikevya poritike, mu nzego, mu buzi bw'iretabwa reta, rikongera rikubahiriza intwaro ihuriyemwo abanyeporitike n’abajejwe umutekano mu gushinga urugero ahahutu n’abatutsi baserukirwako, badasize inyuma kwubahiriza uguserukirwa kw’abakenyezi ku bice 30%.

Uburundi ni igihugu gitunzwe canecane n´uburimyi hamwe n´ubworozi. Ibice mirongo icenda kw'ijana (90%) vy´abarundi ni conico bakora. Kuva mu 1993 aho indwanoingwano itereye bifatanijwe n´ibihano bwafatiwe mu 1996 n´ibihugu bibanyi vyo kwugara imbibe; ubukene bwariyongereye cane. Ubu Uburundi buriko buranaganaga kuva aho hasinyiwe amasezerano hagati y'imigwi yahora irwanya ubutegetsi hamwe n'igisoda c'Iretaca reta. Abahinga babona ko Uburundi bufise kazoza keza.